The first symptoms of diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a progressive and disabled disease, whose prevalence seriously alarms doctors around the world.

This pathology can be attributed to diseases that call civilization, because their main reason lies in the incorrect lifestyle that modern people adhere.

The timely diagnosis of diabetes gives the patient the opportunity to delay the beginning of serious complications. But it is not always possible to recognize the first diabetes signs. The guilt of this is the lack of elementary knowledge about this disease and the low level of revelation of the patient for medical aid.

Attention! Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and still does not exist.

What is diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic endocrine diseases, whose main manifestations are absolute or relative insulin deficiency in the body and increased blood glucose. As a result of the disease, all metabolism is altered: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, mineral metabolism. There is also a violation of acid-base balance.

According to statistical data, from 1 to 8% of people suffer from diabetes, but scientists suggest that the real number of patients is much higher. And this figure increases every year. The number of children's sick diabetes is also growing.

Attention! Insulin is the only hormone that reduces blood glucose level and promotes its absorption with cells.

Insulin occurs in pancreatic tissue by its beta cells. The violation of the formation of this hormone as a result of its damage or violation of its absorption by peripheral cells leads to the fact that diabetes begins.

Diabetes classification

Several types of diabetes are known:

• Write the first previously called insulin dependent. With him, the fault of the primary insulin hormone develops, which leads to hyperglycemia. Most of the time, the cause of this pathology is autoimmune damage to the pancreas.
• The second type, previously called insulin dependent, but this definition is not precise, since with the progression of this type, replacement insulin therapy may be required. In this type of disease, insulin level remains first normal or even exceeds the norm. However, body cells, first of all, adipocytes (fat cells) become insensitive to it, which leads to an increase in blood glucose levels.

Attention! The factors that cause the beginning of the disease are: severe stress, excessive physical activity, hormonal imbalance, transmitted diseases and other significant changes in the body.

Also distinguish:

• Gestational Sugar Diabetes (in pregnant women).
• Diabetes as manifestation of genetic or endocrine pathology. In this case, diabetes itself acts as a symptom of a disease.

Three grades of the disease course are distinguished:

• light;
• average;
• heavy.

The initial signs of type I diabetes mellitus

This type of disease more frequently affects young people and is considered genetically determined. It can already manifest in early childhood.

The first signs of type I diabetes are considered:

• There is much to increase appetite, there is a lot of need, but at the same time a person does not increase weight or lose weight without special physical effort and diets. This is due to the energy failure in the cells, whose cause is the reduced absorption of glucose.
• Incomination of night urination and an increase in daily diuresis, respectively, greater fluid consumption. Polyuria occurs with an increase in osmotic urine pressure due to the increase in glucose filtration in the urine.
• The sudden appearance of severe thirst, as a result of which a person drinks up to 5 liters of liquid per day. Polydipsia has several development mechanisms. The first is to replace the water deficit due to polyuria, and the second is done with irritation of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
• The appearance of acetonemia, whose signs are the smell of acetone of the mouth, the urine acquires the smell of rotten apples. Acetonemia occurs when changing the route of fatty -to -fat carbohydrate energy in glucose deficiency conditions in the cell. At the same time, ketone bodies are formed, which affect the body toxic. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting are associated with their influence.
• With the progression of a ketoacidotic state, the first symptom of the initial disease is a diabetic coma.
• An increase in general weakness and an increase in fatigue due to deteriorated metabolism, the energy starvation of body cells and the accumulation of toxic metabolism.
• Vision violation in the form of confusion and vague objects, redness of the conjunctiva and the carving in the eyes.
• Itching to the skin, the formation of a small erosion in the skin and mucous membranes, which do not cure for a long time.
• Excessive hair loss.

The first type of diabetes mellitus is characterized in the sense that it manifests abruptly, suddenly and often only acute symptoms in the form of severe ketoacidosis to coma forces to recharge this diagnosis.

The initial symptoms of type II diabetes

The second type of diabetes develops in more mature people, overweight or obesity. Its mechanism for the development of pathology lies in the fact that fatty cells are overwhelmed with fat and size increase. As a result, the quantity and quality of the receptors to insulin changes, which leads to insensitivity or hormone resistance. Under such conditions, glucose is not absorbed.

In the early stages of diabetes of the second type, a compensatory increase in insulin insulin synthesis arises from the pancreas, but as the disease progressed, this reserve is exhausted and the absolute insulin system develops.

A characteristic of this disease is that its symptoms in the initial stage of diabetes cannot notice a person for a long time. Most people explain the deterioration of their health due to changes related to age, excess work and do not begin with diabetes. The late appeal with respect to the disease is also explained by the slowest progression and erased the symptoms that with type I.

Reference! Often, type II diabetes is diagnosed by accident when requesting another pathology or in a preventive examination.

Among the first symptoms of diabetes, the most common are the following:

• Polydipsia is manifested by a higher alcohol consumption regime up to 4-5 liters per day. Such a serious thirst is more often in mature patients. In old age, insensitivity to thirst is observed.
• Polyuria, especially the frequent need of the urine act is observed at night.
• Improvement of body weight.
• Increase in appetite, especially for sweet foods.
• Growing weakness, drowsiness, fatigue.
• Itching to the skin, especially in the perineum and the genitals.
• Paresthesia and numbness in the lower extremities and palms due to the development of diabetic neuropathy.
• Pain and fatigue in the legs when walking, a rare line line, a cooling of the limbs due to the defeat of the vessels.
• Furunkulosis, skin candidiasis and mucous membranes, long -term infected cracks, wounds, scratches. Other leather symptoms of the disease are: diabetic dermatopathy, bubbles, xanthomes, lipoid necrobiosis, neurodermatitis. All this is a consequence of the deteriorated regeneration of the skin and the reduction of immune reactivity.
• Periodontal disease and recurring stomatitis.
• The deterioration of vision as a result of the toxic effects of high blood glucose concentrations (retinopathy, cataract). As a general rule, with the second type of diabetes, ocular damage occurs much later than in the first.
• Frequent relapses of urinary tract infections, in particular, pyelonephritis, as a result of hyperglycemia and glucosuria.

Signs of the start of diabetes in children

Very often, type I diabetes mellitus is diagnosed during the development of acute complications in a small patient: diabetic ketoacidosis or ketoacidotic coma. Parents should pay attention if their child has frequent cetosis episodes or cyclic vomiting syndrome that is qualified. This condition is developed in many constitutionally prone to the acetonym syndrome of children. It is aggravated by acute respiratory viral infections, infectious diseases and can cause dehydration due to vomiting. But this syndrome passes through itself as the child grows.

If ketosis occurs for less than a year or lasts more than 7 to 9 years, the endocrinologist must be examined. However, experts advise under any manifestation of acetonymy to approve a blood test for glucose.

The first signs of pathology in children are:

• Polyuria;
• polydipsia;
• Acute weight loss.

If these diabetes symptoms could not be recognized, a child can develop ketoacidosis with such characteristic symptoms:

• abdominal pain;
• vomiting, nausea;
• dry skin;
• frequent breathing;
• dizziness;
• the smell of acetone in the exhaled air, in the urine, vomiting;
• lethargy, drowsiness;
• Loss of consciousness.

Important! If the symptoms of ketoacidosis appear, you should seek emergency medical help!

The beginning of diabetes sugar in men

In the genital sphere of men with this disease, there are also changes due to deteriorated innervation (neuropathy) and the blood supply to the reproductive organs. Such symptoms are characteristic:

• reduced libido;
• unstable deteriorated erection;
• Infertility due to a decrease in mobility and the number of viable forms of sperm.

It also often has itching on the genitals due to the irritating effect of sweat secret with a high glucose concentration.

Diabetes disorders in women

A variety of signs of this disease is observed with damage to the reproductive organs of a woman:

• decrease in sexual interest;
• irregular menstruation;
• Dryness and itching of the mucous membrane of the genital organs, candidiasis of the vagina;
• not infinition of pregnancy;
• sterility.

In pregnant women, sometimes a special type of diabetes occurs: gestational. Therefore, when observing a pregnant woman, the doctor should lead the woman in time for an oral tolerance test to glucose and regularly monitor the general urine analysis to detect glucosuria.

What to do when identifying the symptoms of diabetes?

It is better to contact an endocrinologist who will tell you what exams you should suffer to confirm the diagnosis. Laboratory exams include:

• Blood analysis for glucose level with an empty stomach:
• Oral test tolerance for glucose to detect pre -antiabetes;
• Blood analysis for glycosylated hemoglobin;
• urine analysis for glucosuria;
• Urine analysis for acetone.

Other laboratory and instrumental methods are used to identify disease complications.

Therefore, it is necessary to interact responsible for a state of health to identify the first diabetes signs over time.